How to cite

The indicators held in the database have been selected, and in some cases recomputed, by experts, so their values may differ from those published officially by national and international statistical agencies. This is why we ask you to cite the database as your source, rather than the agency whose publication a figure originally came from.

Citing the database as a whole

DeVision: A Demographic View [database]. Monnier A., Avdeev A., Pshenkin V. Available at: https://de-vision.net (accessed: give the date).

Please always give the date of access: the database grows, and a year from now the same cells may hold revised values.

Citing a single indicator

Total fertility rate. DeVision: A Demographic View [database]. https://de-vision.net/method/ICF (accessed: give the date).

The methodology page address for each indicator is listed under Methodology. That page also records where the figures come from and how they were computed — worth citing too, if the methodology matters to your work.

A publication based on these data

Avdeev A., Eremenko T., Festy P., Gaymu J., Le Bouteillec N., Springer S. Populations and Demographic Trends of European Countries, 1980—2010. Population, 2011, 66(1), 9—133. DOI: 10.3917/popu.1101.0009

If you have downloaded the data

The exported files carry the indicator name and the address of the database. You should still cite the database with a date of access: a file is a snapshot of one particular day, not the database itself.